Optimization through System Performance 
The team utilized a superstructure system that achieved at least a 80% design capacity for either controlling strength or serviceability condition for typical bay layouts.  This allowed Coalescence to achieve a structurally efficient design which limited waste of materials to aid in a sustainable design. 
Kinetic Constructability through Space Utilization 
Three typical bay sizes were used for the majority of the superstructure layout, bearing specialty areas.  Limiting a majority of the layout to typical bay sizes helped the team achieve a more efficient construction process as well as a larger margin of safety due to the repetitive nature of the configuration.

Innovation through Future Expansion 
The live load configuration exceeded the goal set by Coalescence by allowing for more than a 10% increase for certain areas in design live load based on occupancy.  All office and classroom areas were increased to a 60psf live load to allow for these spaces to be used as an Assembly space if Virginia Tech decides to adjust the program of the spaces in the future.  

Efficiency through Sustainability Impacts 
The selected composite steel gravity system fell short of achieving the proposed goal of a 25% reduction in embodied carbon relative to the existing structure by reducing the embodied carbon by 23%.  The composite steel system reduces the amount of embodied carbon while also providing the advantage of reuse of the steel in the future compared to a primarily concrete gravity system.